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The color of the skin is primarily influenced by the presence of melanin, carotene, and the blood vessels within the skin. Melanin is a pigment produced by melanocytes located in the epidermis, and it plays a crucial role in determining skin tone and providing protection against UV radiation. Carotene, another pigment, can present in the skin and is derived from dietary sources, particularly from fruits and vegetables, contributing a yellowish hue.

Blood vessels also affect skin coloration by circulating blood; increased blood flow can result in a flush or reddish tone, while reduced blood flow can give the skin a paler appearance. Thus, the interaction of these components—melanin, carotene, and blood vessels—collectively determines an individual's skin color.

Other options like collagen and elastin are important for skin structure and elasticity but do not contribute directly to skin color. Similarly, while Vitamin D and sunlight exposure can affect skin health and pigmentation over time, they do not directly alter the inherent color of the skin in the same way that melanin, carotene, and blood vessels do.